There have been quite a catalogue of sockets over the years, and a brief foray into slots.
Is it worth tracking them ALL down?
The old era had Intel, Cyrix and AMD all fitting into the same Socket (or minor variants of)
http://www.lusitanianet.com/history.htm - Looks comprehensive, but omits a few minor tweaks, like the development of Socket 7 into "Super Socket 7" - the basic definition of a full SS7 would be FSB clock of 100MHz and core voltages in 0.1 steps down to 2.2 - capable of supporting AMD K6-2 and K6-3.
Does NOT cover the 64 bit line of chips, nor any pre-486 sockets - but a good history of the rest.
The only adapters I can recall were:
1. "Powerleap" type adapters, to run a lower voltage MMX CPU in an older Socket 5/7 boartd
2. The "Slocket" for coupling a Socket370 CPU to a Slot 1 motherboard