i don't know how much knowledge you teacher has about coding (i tell this because my teachers were really bad :/ ) , you should know it, but anyway you could have some basic option like draw lines, circles, rectangles and a free hand tool would be nice

.
Another good option would be to save/load the drawing that you make with your painting tool, something simple like saving what color index are been used, width and height of the picture.
For the drawing tools you can do this:
if(lbutton==down) //i don't know what is the name for this function on your mouse.h
{
drawing = true; //We said that we starting to draw
dtool = ATOOL; //Here we put what tool is been using by the user
lx = mouse.x; //It's a good idea to save the last pointer position
ly = mouse.y; //This will be used for the drawing tools
}
if(lbutton==up)
{
drawing = false; //We finish the drawing.
}
if(drawing==true) //User is drawing something
{
//We check what is it
switch(dtool)
{
case TLINE:
line(lx, ly, mouse.x, mouse.y);
break;
case TRECTANGLE: break;
rectangle(lx, ly, mouse.x, mouse.y);
case TCIRCLE: break;
radius = max(abs(lx-mouse.x), abs(ly-mouse.y));
circle(lx, ly, radius);
case TFREEHAND:
line(lx, ly, mouse.x, mouse.y);
lx = mouse.x; //we move to end of the current line
ly = mouse.y; //I made it with lines for avoid empty segments, make a test
// with putpixel
break;
}
}
This is only an example and it can be improved a lot, i hope it would be useful for you. Try to add some code for "erase" the last element (line, circle or rectangle) when the user is still moving the mouse with lbutton pressed.
See ya.